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Introducción: la pandemia de COVID-19 originó pérdidas humanas, tensiones en la atención médica, la economía y otros sistemas sociales. Objetivo: recopilar información sobre seguridad alimentaria y fortificación de alimentos a base de pulpa de café considerando que una buena nutrición contrarresta las infecciones. Metodología: se analizó literatura en las bases SciELO y SCOPUS restringiendo términos de búsqueda a: seguridad alimentaria, COVID-19, tecnología de bloques o blockchain, suministro alimenticio, micronutrientes, regulación, fortificación con hierro con énfasis en productos a base de pulpa de café. Resultados: en tiempos de pandemia y otros desastres, uno de los factores que afectan la respuesta de un huésped al virus es la nutrición, la seguridad alimentaria es importante especialmente en países con altas tasas de desnutrición y anemia, por ende, es fundamental la fortificación de alimentos comunes para contribuir en garantizar la adecuación nutricional como parte de las respuestas de los gobiernos, especialmente en áreas rurales y urbanas empobrecidas, planteándose sistemas de suministro de alimentos con la tecnología de bloques o blockchain. Conclusión: la fortificación de productos alimenticios a base de pulpa de café y el suministro que aplique tecnología de bloques podría ser una estrategia de respuesta a las consecuencias de la pandemia
SUMMARY Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic caused human losses, tensions in medical care, the economy and other social systems. Objective: To collect information on food safety and fortification of foods based on coffee pulp, considering that good nutrition counteracts infections. Methodology: Literature in SciELO and SCOPUS bases was analyzed, restricting search terms to food safety, COVID-19, block chain technology, food supply, micronutrients, regulation, iron fortification with emphasis on coffee pulp-based products. Results: In times of pandemic and other disasters, one of the factors that affect the response of a host to the virus is nutrition. The importance of food security is recognized with proposals especially in countries with high rates of malnutrition and anemia, for the fortification of common foods to contribute to guaranteeing nutritional adequacy as part of the governments' responses, especially in impoverished rural and urban areas, considering food supply systems with block or Block Chain technology. Conclusion: The fortification of food products based on coffee pulp and their supply using block chain could be a response strategy to the consequences of the pandemic.
Introdução: a pandemia de COVID-19 causou perdas humanas, tensões na assistência médica, na economia e em outros sistemas sociais. Objetivo: coletar informações sobre segurança alimentar e fortificação de alimentos à base de polpa de café, considerando que uma boa nutrição combate infecções. Metodologia: a literatura foi analisada nas bases de dados SciELO e SCOPUS, restringindo os termos de busca a: segurança alimentar, COVID-19, tecnologia de bloco ou blockchain, abastecimento de alimentos, micronutrientes, regulação, fortificação de ferro com ênfase em produtos à base de polpa de café. Resultados: em tempos de pandemia e outros desastres, um dos fatores que afeta a resposta de um hospedeiro ao vírus é a nutrição, a segurança alimentar é importante principalmente em países com altos índices de desnutrição e anemia, portanto, a fortificação é essencial dos alimentos comuns para ajudar a garantir a adequação nutricional como parte das respostas governamentais, especialmente em áreas rurais e urbanas empobrecidas, considerando sistemas de abastecimento de alimentos com tecnologia block ou blockchain. Conclusão: a fortificação de produtos alimentícios à base de polpa de café e abastecimento aplicando tecnologia de blocos pode ser uma estratégia de resposta às consequências da pandemia.
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Objective To provide comprehensive background reference for the application of block chain technology in scientific research ecology.Methods The related literatures of block chain and open science were retrieved and analyzed from the mainstream databases and network resources.Results According to the analysis of weak points of the traditional scientific system,as well as the crisis of open science movement,it alerted the urgency and necessity of establishing a truly open scientific ecosystem.This article also introduced the basic knowledge of block chain,demonstrated the feasibility of its application and potential advantages of block chain for constructing an open scientific ecosystem.The preliminary practice of block chain applied in open scientific systems is also summarized.Conclusions The block chain technology allows for the construction of an open,reliable,decentralized and collaborative environment infrastructure that changes the whole process of scientific research.
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Objective@#The outbreak of novel coronavirus raised many problems in the auxiliary information system of epidemic prevention and control, which including the need to prevent key data from being illegal modification, traceability, lack of decision support systems at different levels, barriers to cross regional cooperation and low automation of case diagnosis.@*Methods@#In this paper, artificial intelligence, security computing supporting privacy protection, block chain and other emerging technologies are introduced into the epidemic prevention and control auxiliary information system.@*Results@#This paper discusses how to utilize modern cryptography and block chain technology to establish a traceability system that could assure the security of epidemic information; design a distributed decision support system; solve the privacy-preserving problems of Federated Learning based on SGX technology, and present a group architecture to alleviate the performance cost of SGX.@*Conclusions@#The schemes above can help to achieve the security and traceability of epidemic information, also improve the automation and decision-making efficiency of the auxiliary information system for epidemic prevention and control.
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OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for reducing the harm of expired drugs to public health， improving the technical level of drug recovery， and realizing the green recycling economy of drugs. METHODS： The literatures analysis and field investigation is conducted to analyze the development status and the main problems in the construction of the reverse supply chain of expired drugs. According to the technical characteristics of block chain， the feasibility of building the reverse supply chain of expired drugs is analyzed. In order to verify the feasibility of the application of block chain technology in the construction of the expired drug reverse supply chain， this paper attempts to build the expired drug reverse supply chain from the perspective of block chain， and uses the system dynamics method to build a simulation model for each participant in the drug reverse supply chain and its operationing efficiency. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： The reverse supply chain of expired drugs constructed by the block chain technology could effectively solve the main problems of the reverse supply chain of expired drugs in China， such as many levels of participants， high logistics cost， low level of information. The simulation results showed when using block chain technology， the recovery efficiency and recovery quantity of each participant in the supply chain were significantly increased. The recovery efficiency of consumers and retailers increased from 20％ to 83％， and those of distributors and manufacturers increased from 40％ and 50％ to 83％， respectively. The recovery quantity of each participant also increased significantly with the increase of recovery efficiency. In the actual construction of the reverse supply chain of expired drugs， the enterprises involved in the drug supply chain should be taken as the leading role， and the multi-party participation of government agencies， industry platforms and consumers should be emphasized. Drug supply chain participating enterprises should use block chain technology to strengthen information communication between enterprises， establish an efficient information platform， and promote and guide consumers to actively participate in the construction of the reverse supply chain of expired drugs. The government should give full play to the guiding role of policy and strengthen the policy guarantee； the industry platform should learn from international advanced cases to form industry standards for the recovery process of expired drugs； consumers should fully understand the hazards of expired drugs and actively participate in the recovery of expired drugs.
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Block chain, as a decentralized, trustless database technology program with an intact information trans-parency and a privacy protection function, can be use to construct a highly effective and reliable transmission sys-tem and promote the Internet to become an infrastructure in building the society-trusted network. Block chain is of significant advantages in optimizing the business processes, reducing the operation cost and improving the synergis-tic efficiency in financial industry, and is thus rapidly applied in other industries. The construction of health and medical big data is faced with the challenge of both information security and privacy protection in health field. Block chain is characterized by high fault tolerance, unaltered infrastructure and privacy protection function, and has thus a large room for its application in medical treatment, pharmaceutical industry, medical insurance and ge-nomics.
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Big data of electronic health records ( EHR) are faced with the challenge of both information security and privacy protection in theInternet+ era. The bottleneck of information technology in centralized and relational databases-covered EHR was described, application of block chain technology in decentralization, privacy protec-tion and gene sequencing was elaborated in order to usher in new ideas for the construction of EHR.